Digital Media - 2221 Words

The media of mass communication have long played a fundamental role in people’s lives. The media informs, persuades, entertains, and even sells. For the most part; mass media is only owned by a few private companies, as we learned in the â€Å"media ownership† discussion. According to the â€Å"Telecommunications Act of 1996,†, this act was to spawn some competition the broadcast companies. It also eased the restrictions on the number of television stations one individual company can own. The media, controlled by power corporations and government organizations, has positioned itself to influence people in all manner of ways, but no one group controls the system as a whole. 90% of all television media is controlled by†¦show more content†¦Convergence can mean the merger of people, resources, media technologies, content, and industries. Media convergence is the merging (or joining) of previously distinct media to create entirely new forms of communication expression. Henry Jenkins, a professor at USC, described convergence as the relationship between media convergence and user empowerment. He (Jenkins) states that â€Å"Convergence requires media companies to rethink old assumptions about what it means to consume media, assumptions that shape both programming and marketing decisions. If old consumers were assumed to be passive, the new consumers are active. If old consumers were predictable and stayed where you told them to stay, then new consumers are migratory, showing a declining loyalty to networks or media. If old consumers were isolated individuals, the new consumers are more socially connected. If the work of media consumers was once silent and invisible, the new consumers are now noisy and public.†Show MoreRelatedDigital Media3731 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction: You may have heard of digital media, but you may have no idea what it is and how it can help you out when it comes to marketing. Its definitely important that you get up to speed so you can use this to benefit your business. Basically digital media refers to any type of electronic media out there. Today media can be accessed in many ways, including with hand held devices like mobile phones, laptops, desktops, mp3 players, and more. Digital media must be stored in an electronic wayRead MoreDigital Content Of Digital Media2877 Words   |  12 Pages‘The term â€Å"new media† will in general refer to those digital media that are interactive, incorporate two-way communication, and involve some form of computing as opposed to â€Å"old media† such as the telephone, radio, and TV (Logan, 2010). Digital Media is a fluid term, not only is it a modern means of exchanging or distributing of information through electronic devices, but is also a constantly evolving one. This ‘information’ is known as digital content and it comes in numerous forms, which includesRead MorePrint Media And Digital Media1740 Words   |  7 PagesThe print and the digital media have been in the forefront in acting as the social mirror reflecting on what goes on in the society. Thus when it is said that the print media is dead it becomes quite disturbing because traditionally it is known as the only tool that pe ople have come to trust to deliver information in a holistic manner. Well, in the advertising world, it is assumed that the more the products are displayed in pages of magazines and newspapers; they are bound to be sold more becauseRead MoreHow Digital Media Is Helping Us Or Not? Essay1270 Words   |  6 PagesWith several experiments taking place around digital media, you’d think there would’ve been a firm answer on its effects by now. The fact is there has been an answer for the problem, except it’s not just one answer, its’s several more than just one. McWilliams tackles the outcomes of the answers and whether or not digital media is helping us or not. With several sections dictating the effects of digital media and one’s mind, he provides us with fact and thought filling sections on each of the occurringRead MoreThe Media Of The Digital Media Era868 Words   |  4 Pagesof the digital media era, the internet provides a platform for social me dia networking to become a major influence in the lives of everyone and everything imaginable. The internet is used for everything from entertainment to school, work, shopping, and research. Consumers also use the internet to play games, gather information, read blogs and websites; download, upload, and share text and media files, images, and music; communicate with others via email, instant messages, and social media sites.Read MoreDigital Media And Its Effect On Society1770 Words   |  8 Pagessociety, one of the most highly influential ways of interacting with the public is through the widespread form of digital media. In itself, digital media is any media that can be utilized or viewed via electronics. This mixes two things that people love and use every day, the first being media like radio, television, newspapers, magazines, and websites. The second subject being all things digital, such as laptops, desktop computers, smartphones, cameras, gaming consoles, etc. These medium s affect the waysRead MoreThe Between Mass Media And Digital Media Essay1501 Words   |  7 Pagesdo multiple media forms. Broadly, convergence is the blending of multiple media forms into one platform for purposes of delivering a dynamic experience. According to Encyclopedia Britannica, media convergence can be described as a â€Å"phenomenon involving the interconnection of information and communications technologies, computer networks, and media content. It brings together the â€Å"three C’s†Ã¢â‚¬â€computing, communication, and content—and is a direct consequence of the digitization of media content andRead MoreThe Media Of New Digital Media1214 Words   |  5 PagesIn the age of new digital media, it has become all the easier for consumers to be able to share their media online, on various different sites. Whether that is audio, video, or images, there are a whole host of different platforms in which users can upload their content on to and, in turn, ca n interact with other uses that have the same interests. In this report I will be looking at different social media sites, all with a different media demographic and discuss the advantages and drawbacks of eachRead MoreThe Impact Of Digital Media On The Cinema Industry1284 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Internet and new media has changed the way people live, work and entertain. Long–time forms of entertainment, such as music, games or movies have been changed accordingly. Within the entertainment industry, the cinema sector is experiencing dramatic transformations. Consumers are now provided with a wide range of ways to access their products. Traditional practices of enjoying movies, especially going to the cinema, are said to be diminished by the use of digital media. From this, there areRead MoreWhat Is Digital Media Convergence1467 Words   |  6 PagesI am going to have an in-depth look at the question â€Å"what is digital media convergence†, not just a simple answer of what it is because the question may seem simple but in digital media convergence there are several underlying convergences which make up the whole idea, in this essay I am going to try and cover what these are and what effects technologically, socially and culturally they are having on us. First of what is Digital media convergence? It can be simplified as several processes, these

Utopia Vs Dystopia - 797 Words

The topic of utopias have always been an interesting topic for philosophers throughout time. Many ideas and perfect laws have been discussed, however every man’s virtue, is another’s vice and there are disagreements. Both Plato’s The Republic and More’s Utopia heavily discuss their ideas of a perfect society. Their thoughts on a utopia have plenty similarities, more specifically in gender relations. They believe that for a society to truly be equal women must work as much as men and that both men and women should have an education. Plato and More, two very progressive philosophers for their time, convey ideas that defied conventions at the time, however both were still influenced greatly by traditions and while their views seem extreme yet†¦show more content†¦Additionally all children are educated regardless of gender, and wives are even encouraged to fight alongside their husbands in battle. In roles of leadership, men dominate, but there seems to be partnership where the wife of the leader takes an active role in helping the society. More also goes on to talk about divorce, and while it is rare, the rules regarding divorce are equal regarding the sexes. More takes this idea of there already being equality in divorce and expands upon it. He states, â€Å"None are suffered to put away their wives against their wills, from any†¦ in the case of old age†¦ a disease of itself.† Although this idea in More’s Utopia seems very realistic, in actuality it is still hurting gender roles. Men and women still are not presented equal work loads, there is still no choice in marriage from women’s perspective, and women continue to be involved in the family life more than anything else. Regardless of More’s divorce example, his utopia is far from complete, if anything his divorce example is a vice. Divorce is not something societies generally want to go through, it is seen as a bad thing. The laws regar ding divorce are not a good source of examples of equality. While The Republic is more extreme than Utopia, both Plato and More are considered progressive in their view of the role of women in a perfect society. They both believe that both men and women are expected to work, but pointShow MoreRelatedUtopia Vs Dystopia1530 Words   |  7 Pagesthought is unimaginable. This haunting theme is more commonly found in dystopian literature than in the real world. A dystopia is defined as â€Å"a society characterized by human misery, as squalor, oppression, disease, and overcrowding† (â€Å"Dystopia†). Many dystopias brainwash their people into believing the laws and regulations that are set in that country are normal. Unfortunately, dystopias are commonly ruled by a leader who is unjust and uses his or her power to a dangerous and unlawful extent. In theRead MoreEssay about Utopia Vs. Dystopia959 Words   |  4 Pages Utopia Vs. Dystopia Each person has their own vision of utopia. Utopia means an ideal state, a paradise, a land of enchantment. It has been a central part of the history of ideas in Western Civilization. Philosophers and writers continue to imagine and conceive plans for an ideal state even today. They use models of ideal government to express their ideas on contemporary issues and political conditions. Man has never of comparing the real and ideal, actuality and dream, and the stark facts ofRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Animal Farm By George Orwell1310 Words   |  6 Pagesbe a utopia, the pigs secretly were deceiving their fellow animals and turning the farm into a dystopia. In George Orwell s Animal Farm all of the animals are mistreated by Farmer Jones, but they wish to be treated as equals and live in a utopia so they rebel and take over the farm. The animals first write commandments to avoid chaos, but the leader pigs selfishly modify the commandments in their favor. In the end, the farm is worse off than it was before the rebellion, becoming a dystopia. AnimalRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Darkness At Noon 1429 Words   |  6 Pagescoined the word utopia while he was describing the theoretical characteristics of Atlantis. However, many dystopias have emerged from utopias. Oppression is another predicament which exists in the world. Humans have oppressed each other for centuries and it continues to happen to this day. Xenophobia is another problem which exists in the world. Xenophobia is the hate towards people from other countries, or foreigners. Many works have been influenced by oppression, xenophobia and dystopias around theRead MoreKnowing Is Better Than Not Knowing1676 Words   |  7 Pagesanymore. The Utopians do not think humans need to make their own decisions, but do things if they want to. The Underground Man and Dostoyevsky explain why having a world of Utopia would be very easy and boring and someone would have a stop to it, even if it is good, because human being need their own desire, which leads to Dystopia.   In the novel, the Underground Man and Fyodor Dostoyevsky make the reader understand how the Utopian society is not a good idea. These socialists believe that if everyoneRead MoreEssay On George Orwells 19841385 Words   |  6 Pagesof the illusional world of utopia portrayed by the party’s dystopia through the rule of totalitarianism. As an author, you could almost feel Orwell take over Winston’s character as he makes the decision to write a diary â€Å"To the future or to the past, to a time when thought is free, when men are different from one another and do not live alone -- to a time when truth exists and what is done cannot be undone.† The themes under which Orwell’s book lie under -- appearance vs reality, indoctrination, surveillanceRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Vs. 1984970 Words   |  4 PagesFahrenheit 451 vs. 1984 Ray Bradbury and George Orwell share a very similar theme in their two novels, Fahrenheit 451 and 1984. Winston Smith and Guy Montag work within an authoritarian organization, in which, they have opposing views of the authority. The novels are placed in a dystopian setting that the authority believes is a utopia. The dystopian fictions both have very similar predictions of the future. The predictions from these novels have not happened. However, it could be a short matterRead More1984 vs. Fahrenheit 4512544 Words   |  11 Pages1984 vs. Fahrenheit 451 â€Å"Do you begin to see, then what kind of world we are creating? It is the exact opposite of the stupid hedonistic Utopias†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Orwell 267). 1984 and Fahrenheit 451 are both dystopias, although in each society, the government tells the citizens that it is a utopia. A dystopia is, â€Å"An imaginary place or state in which the condition of life is extremely bad, as from deprivation, oppression or terror† (â€Å"dystopia†). On the other hand, a utopia is described as, â€Å"An ideally perfectRead MoreA Comparison of Utopian Societies885 Words   |  4 Pagescitizens has been to create the â€Å"perfect† society. To a majority of people in the novels Brave New World (c.1932) by Aldous Huxley and The Giver (c.1993) by Lois Lowry, a utopia and â€Å"perfect† society has been accomplished. But at a second glance, the world that Huxley creates and Lowry’s community are actually totalitarian dystopias with many secrets. The similarities of both novels are evident and some readers may make the conclusion that Lowry simply wrote a spinoff of Huxley’s novel. Yes, the similaritiesRead MoreTar Baby And Brave New World Analysis2052 Words   |  9 Pagesthe two novels called â€Å"Tar Baby† and â€Å"Brave New World’. In the novel, â€Å"Tar Baby†, by Toni Morrison she uses allegory, symbolism, and theme nature vs civilization. To illustrate how the character Jadine in the novel is away from her native place, making her feel different. Whereas, in the novel, â€Å"Brave New World† by Aldous Huxley, who uses utopia, dystopia, symbolism, and the theme of identity to portray how the character John the Savage, does not fit into the World State or the Savage Reservation Society

Technological Challenges in Business Field †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Technological Challenges in Business Field. Answer: Problem Statement In the recent years, the world has witnessed rapid growth and advancements in technologies. These new trends have found many people and businesses on the back foot and in the process of embracing and integrating the technologies in the system, there have been dire consequences. For instance, some of the machines used ten years ago have been completely phased out and new ones have replaced them because of their efficiency and effectiveness. This paper will focus on the need for specialized skills in the workplace as a result of the introduction of new technologies. Many of the existing workers are not conversant with this technologies and as a result, businesses find themselves in a deep problem of functioning and competing in the industry. This research aims to find a solution to this problem and help businesses reduce the impact caused by changes in the technology field. Objectives The main objective of this study is to help businesses come up with well-structured strategies and frameworks that will enable them to easily adopt the new technologies. These frameworks will also enable the organizations to get the desired results without going through the problem faced by businesses today. At the end the study, the researcher aims to give viable recommendations on how to equip both the new and existing workforce with the necessary skills needed by the technologies. Research Methodologies to be used in the Study This study will use both the qualitative and quantitative research methods as a way of gathering data. The research will use methods like questionnaires, focus groups and interviews in collecting information from the stakeholders and shareholders in the business field. The questionnaires will be issued to the employees in various organizations in an effort to hear their take on the technologies they are using and the ones being incorporated in the organizations. Moreover, the questionnaires will be structured to find out what the employees feel should be done in order to counter this problem in the industry. On the other hand, the interviews will be used on the managers and the CEOs. These are the people who have to answer why their businesses are not doing well and they are at a better place to provide insightful information on the issue (Miles, Huberman Saldana, 2013). The research will want to get expertise in the field by forming informed focus groups comprising of analysts and advisors. In this groups, the personnel will discuss the root causes of the problem as well as the way forward. The discussions in the groups will also look at the best strategies that businesses can put in place to ensure that they come out of the technological ditch. Secondary Sources of Data Today, business trends are found in business magazines and journals. This research will capitalize on using these secondary sources of information in the data collection process. Literature has always been a rich source of information because there are many authors who input a lot of effort to document enough information on the issues and trends in the specific areas or industries. The internet is very vital in research because it harbors a lot of information. Actually, it has most of the information contained in the books, journals, and magazines. During the study, the researcher will majorly rely on information from the online libraries. These libraries include electronic books (eBooks), websites, online journals and magazines. Importantly, the information on the internet is up-to-date and detailed because of the variety of source choices available. Data Analysis and Presentation After collection of the data, it will be categorized analyzed, processed and later grouped in various categories. The analysis will utilize both the qualitative and quantitative methods in order to understand the information gathered fully. Once the data is fully processed, it will be presented using publication of the findings and recommendations on the issue by the researcher. The literature will be accompanied by tables, info-graphics and pie charts which will act as visual aids that will help the researcher covey the findings of the study (Chilisa, 2012). Summary Technological advances are aimed at improving the operations in the various fields. This should not in turn become a problem at any time. It is crucial that the businesses get ready to adopt new technologies and boost their day-to-day activities. Now that there is a problem already, this research paper will focus on a recent problem in the business scope which has resulted from changing dynamics in the technology world. After identifying the problems, the research will also look into the possible solutions to the problem. The best way to achieve a solution will be involving all the stakeholders in the research. Through this the study will be able to get accounts from all angles and see the best way to come up with the most suitable recommendations. The recommendations will originate from the findings and opinions on what will work for the better of the businesses and technological fields. This is a very vital study and everything has to be done to the best to avoid creating more problems in the long run. Finally, it is crucial to note that if not addressed soon this problem will continue to affect more businesses and there are possibilities of many of them closing shop. To save these businesses quick informed measures have to be taken in due time. It is also important to know that, this study is wide and will involve many individuals making it consume quite some time in the data collection, compiling, analysis and processing the final output. It is estimated that the research will take a period of about four to six months of vigorous and thorough study in the business field. In conclusion, technology is always evolving and businesses should be ready to go shoulder to shoulder with it. This can be achieved through extensive incorporation of ideas between the two worlds. This study will also put efforts to see the best way in which these worlds can come together and work in unison to avoid the challenges we are witnessing at the time. References Daniel, P.S., Sam, A. G. (2015). Research Methodology. Delhi: Kalphaz Publications. Machado, C. F. Davim, J. P. (2016). Technological Challenges and Management: Matching Human and Business Needs. Florida: CRC Press. Miles, M. B., Huberman, A.M., Saldana, J. (2013). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. Los Angeles: Sage Publications. Christiansen, B., Turkina, E., Williams, N. (2013). Cultural and Technological influences on Global Business. Hershey PA: Business Science Reference. Hoffman, A. J., Georg, S. (2018). Business and the Natural Environment: A research Overview. New York: Oxford university Press. Chilisa, B. (2012). Indigenous Research Methodologies. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.

Killers/on the Sidewalk Bledding Essay free essay sample

â€Å"On the sidewalk Bleeding† and â€Å"Killers† These books, â€Å"killers†, written by O. E. Middleton and â€Å"On the side walk Bleeding†, written by Evan Hunter portrays an important idea on how stereotyping corrupts society. This essay will discuss the negative affects stereotyping has on society and why stereotyping is a very important issue to be aware abut. In this essay there will also be example from the texts where the theme is clearly shown A significant event that reveals that the negative effects of stereotyping is in â€Å"Killers† and the quote . . . â€Å"They’re killers alright, agreed the man . . . he fumbled for a cigarette, fed it into his mouth. â€Å"This show the negative effect of stereotyping on society because he is saying the hawk is the killer when al it is doing is what the Hawk needs to for basic survival, which also shows the man, is being hypercritical when he just tried to murder the hawk and he is smoking a cigarette and smoking kills. We will write a custom essay sample on Killers/on the Sidewalk Bledding Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In â€Å"On the side walk bleeding the effect is show when â€Å"He had a terrible pain when the knife had torn across his body, then sudden relief when the blade was pulled away. He had heard the voice saying, â€Å"That’s for you, Royal†Ã¢â‚¬ . This quote shows the negative of stereotyping because the person who stabbed Andy referred to him as â€Å"Royal†, which means that the person was only stabbing the jacket not necessarily Andy because of all the destruction and conflict the gang has caused, he probably only stabbed Andy just because he was wearing the jacket. These to quotes show the negative effect on society because Children learn these stereotypes and apply them carelessly through the rest of their lives without any knowledge of how to correctly assess a person’s values. Stereotyping can have massive, negative effects on national and international relations, which could consequently lead to world trade being affected or even the outbreak of war. A significant event that shows the effect that reveals that why stereotyping is a very important issue is in â€Å"killers† at the end of the story there are quotes that says. Only when the braver boy, edging closer, gave her a well-aimed blow to the head, was she set free† and â€Å" Imagine going on living all that time like that†. At the start of the text the woman labeled the country people inferior to them and that they are living in poverty, which is shown in the quote. â€Å"There are plenty of new cowsheds thought,’ joked the man. ‘Where do you t hink all or city milk comes from? † These quotes show that stereotyping is an important issue because it shows that the stereotypes do not show what the people are actually like. The woman did not know what it would be like to live in the country, all she did was take the appearance of the cowsheds and the old road and immediately stereotyped the country and labeled it as a horrible place to live and the man joked about houses and cowsheds just because it is a different lifestyle to what there lifestyle is like in the city. In â€Å"On the sidewalk Bleeding† the effect that reveals that stereotyping is an important issue is shown in the quotes. â€Å"A Royal Huh? ’ he said. She looked at the cop and, very quietly, she said, ‘his name is Andy. And â€Å"He took out his black pad, and flipped it open to a blank page. ‘A Royal,’ he said†. These show how stereotyping is important issue because it reflects the view of the people who are underneath the stereotype, the cop did not record Andy as who he was, but recorded him as what he was, this shows us that the cop had stereotyped him and assumed that this was just the resul t of another typical gang fight instead taken care into investigating the murder of Andy, Andy would have been stabbed if he wasn’t wearing the jacket. In my opinion the Family in the car from â€Å"killers† and the Cop from â€Å"On the sidewalk Bleeding† acted harshly towards the country community/Andy and shows me that the city folk/Cop are not aware of stereotyping or the effects it has on society. In conclusion Stereotyping has a negative effect on society and can have destructive effects on civilization. Stereotyping cause the real personalities and aspects of people to be ignored by society because of the countless lies and assumption that have been in place for decades. In my opinion, Consequently, an attempt to exterminate the use of stereotypes should be in place. Stereotyping can be taught in schools with exercises that show that it is an important issue and the negative impact that stereotypes inflict. People should actively train themselves to fend off stereotypical assumptions as to live more freely and accept others more willingly. By Lachlan McDowall Year 11 English.

The Lion King the Realm of the Wild essayEssay Writing Service

The Lion King the Realm of the Wild essayEssay Writing Service The Lion King: the Realm of the Wild essay The Lion King: the Realm of the Wild essayAll through the Lion King Disney cartoon one can observe the beauty of African landscapes: jungles, deserts, plains and many more. The nature is depicted through lively colors and amazing animated sunsets. The very first sequence gives a tone for the remainder of the movie. One can observe a marvelous sunrise and a vast variety of animals that move over shadowy plains passing spectacular waterfalls with a multitude of flamingos. All of the animals are approaching the rock to give honors to the newly born lion king who is to rule all ranks of creatures. The sequence shows how chivalrously the animals bow to honor the new ruler. Africa in this motion picture is depicted as a splendid landscape where all sorts of animals live and interact with each other. The theme park depicted in the movie is comprised not only of all sorts of plants and animals, but the whole objective world. This is how nature is improved upon in this animation.Nature here f orms the entire content as the film itself is meant to be about wildlife and landscape in particular. It is significant to mention that this movie combines a vision of Arica as total wilderness and complete absence of human characters (Finch 90). Another way of how Disney improved upon the nature lies in the fact that this movie is somewhat uneasy in relation to such natural aspect as the circle of life. Although it clearly shows that it is possible and natural for a lion to eat other animals, there are a number of jokes in regard to the food chain. Thus, the meals of Pumbaa and Timon are nothing else than brightly colored beetles and worms. This is what makes their eating habits different from the real world animals. And hyenas in the Lion King are the only characters that are depicted as eating other animals. However, taking into account that hyenas in the movie are shown as living in shadowy and dark places, they are defined as being something opposite to natural. In fact, many a spects of nature in the movie including certain characters and places are seen as unnatural.The concept of family in this Disney’s cartoon is of great importance both in relation to the target audience and as a major factor of the corporation’s worldview. Family in this movie plays a central role as this animation is itself family oriented. It is highly appealing to children and instills the instincts of protection in parents. Parents and their children watch the Lion King together and this movie makes them think of all the pains of separation. The importance of family is the key point of the Lion King animation. It narrates about how the child is becoming adult and emphasizes the role of a father in the up-bringing of a son (Forgacs 369). Disney focuses on the fact that a father plays a crucial role in the way a son becomes mature and gradually enters the adult world. This aspect of father-son relations is vividly depicted throughout the whole movie.One of the most im portant family related aspects of the movie is the introduction of the period of adolescence lived through by a child as an individual experiencing certain crisis. It reflects the personal journey of a young child who faces a number of challenges and deals with various family related problems. The crisis is viewed as not touching upon the splits within the family, but rather emphasizing the very fear of the separation from the family and the fear of living in a non-complete family with only a single parent (Forgacs 370). It raises an anxiety related to the absence of the role model of masculinity in case of the single motherhood. The Lion King is a reflection of all these concerns and fears, thus emphasizing the importance of the masculine role model and the need of reconstructing the distorted family union. This is a significant social problem that exists even in the contemporary society. The Lion King focuses on a number of common concerns in regard to family crisis with a special emphasis on the relationship between a father and a son.Furthermore, the Lion King provides a strict hierarchical structure of animal ranks. Lions in this movie are presented as kings of the whole animal community. However, Simba’s father and uncle are depicted in a different way. The movie focuses on the depiction of physical attributes of the muscular and powerful father of Simba who rules over the whole animal world and his skinny uncle who governs the violent hyenas as outcasts of the animal community (Myers 47). The world of the Lion King is strictly structured, not only in relation to patriarchy, but the general hierarchically divided society which is based upon the life circle with the lions above all animals bearing the power of the kings. The movie is focused not only on the depiction of physical attributes of the lions, but also the hierarchical roles they play within the society. Thus, the Lion King exemplifies the conflict of powers that results in the victory of the greater good.Disney’s animation depicts the hierarchy where hyenas are viewed as outcasts of the society. They are a kind of a street gang that lives beyond the life circle. However, their leader is the lion as a representative of the upper class. This hierarchical conflict penetrates the whole narrative showing the clash between good and evil power. Uncle of Simba is viewed as evil, while his father exemplifies good. These two powers struggle against each other reflecting the eternal conflict between good and evil. The Lion King shows that the followers of the Simba’s uncle Scar are stupid and violent cowards. This is added with the effect of the movie’s authoritarian hierarchy existing in the natural world. The natural hierarchies include those of the position in society and those exemplifying gender differences (Schickel 152). On the basis of these hierarchies, the morals and values are vividly depicted throughout the movie. In this regard, it needs to b e said that the perception of the environment has greatly changed over time and the Lion King movie shows a totally different attitude to the natural world and wildlife.The visual imagery of the Lion King represents the culmination of realistic aesthetics in animation that started with the introduction of Bambi, Snow White and True Life adventure series in the 1930s. All of Disney’s animation movies rely on the live-action tendencies which are the signature of the traditional realistic narrative. The three-dimensional characters, depth of short, movements of characters and zooms in Bambi, Life True adventures series and the Lion King follow two tendencies that are the simplicity of graphics and the thoroughly detailed naturalism (Myers 47). All this is what makes these movies so reflective of each other. The previous portrayal of the wildlife in Disney cartoons was somewhat simpler but at the same time more natural. In this regard, the Lion King differs from the previously re leased Disney animations.

Conjugate the French Apercevoir (to catch sight of)

Conjugate the French Apercevoir (to catch sight of) Conjugating the French verb  apercevoir  is a little more complicated than other verbs. This is because it is an irregular verb and does not follow the most common patterns for conjugation. Apercevoir  means to catch sight of or to foresee and it is one of the French verbs of sensation or perception. While this lesson may be a little difficult, its a good one to understand as you continue to expand your vocabulary. Conjugating the French Verb  Apercevoir Verb conjugations are important when learning French because they help a phrase make sense. When we conjugate, we change the ending of the verb to coincide with the subject pronoun and the tense. Without these special endings, your French would not be grammatically correct. Irregular verbs  like  apercevoir  pose a challenge to French students because they do not follow a typical pattern. However, the endings here also apply to the conjugations of other French verbs ending in  -cevoir. This includes  concevoir  (to conceive),  dà ©cevoir  (to disappoint),  percevoir  (to perceive), and  recevoir  (to receive). That said, you will probably have a more difficult time memorizing these verb conjugations. Yet, with enough practice, you will do just fine. Explore this chart and focus on the present and future tenses at first. The imperfect is not as important because you can often use the  passà © composà ©. For example, to say I foresee, you will say j aperà §ois. Subject Present Future Imperfect j aperois apercevrai apercevais tu aperois apercevras apercevais il aperoit apercevra apercevait nous apercevons apercevrons apercevions vous apercevez apercevrez aperceviez ils aperoivent apercevront apercevaient Apercevoirs Present Participle The  present participle  of  apercevoir  is  apercevant. The -​ant  ending is similar to the -ing we use in English. It can also act as an adjective, gerund, or noun if need be. The  Passà © Composà © of  Apercevoir In French, its very common to use the  passà © composà ©Ã‚  for the past tense. This makes the conjugation easier, because you only have to remember the past participle for the verb. In this case, that is  aperà §u. You also need to use an  auxiliary verb, which is avoir  in this case. When we put this together with the past participle, we can say I foresaw. In French, this is jai  aperà §u. The ai is the conjugate for  avoir. More Conjugations for  Apercevoir Its not like  apercevoir  isnt complicated enough, but we also have to add a few more conjugations into the mix. These are not as important, particularly the  passà © simple and imperfect subjunctive because these two are used in formal writing. However, you should be aware of them. You may use the subjunctive and conditional forms from time to time. The subjunctive is a verb mood that implies the uncertainty of the verb. The conditional means just that: the verb is dependent on the conditions.   In the case of  apercevoir, these two forms are actually quite useful. Given the nature of the word as a perception that is not necessarily tangible nor true you may find use for these conjugations in conversation. If you tend to skip other subjunctives and conditionals, consider spending some time on these. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive j aperoive apercevrais aperus aperusse tu aperoives apercevrais aperus aperusses il aperoive apercevrait aperut apert nous apercevions apercevrions apermes aperussions vous aperceviez apercevriez apertes aperussiez ils aperoivent apercevraient aperurent aperussent One last conjugation and were done with  apercevoir. This time, it is the imperative, which is another mood often used in short, direct commands or requests. In the imperative conjugation, you can forget about the pronoun as it is implied in the verb. Instead of saying nous  apercevons, you can simply say apercevons. Imperative (tu) aperois (nous) apercevons (vous) apercevez Another Verb for to Foresee You might have noticed that apercevoir  ends with  voir, which means to see. The prefix changes it to foresee, which is exactly what happens with  prà ©voir. You can look at  prà ©voir  as pre-seeing to remember the correlation. Because  apercevoir  and  prà ©voir  both mean to foresee, you can use the latter in the right context. The conjugations are very similar, so learning how to conjugate  prà ©voir  as well may not be a bad idea.

Single slit diffraction & double slit interference Lab Report

Single slit diffraction & double slit interference - Lab Report Example Hence, diffraction patterns usually have a series of maxima and minima. The slit must satisfy two conditions in order the diffraction occur: first, the slit should has dimensions of infinitely length to width and second, the width of the slit is on the order of the wavelength of light being used. The wavefront from a light source will form secondary waves. The one located at the top edge of the slit interferes destructively with other secondary wave located at the middle of the slit, when the path difference between them is equal to '/2. Similarly, the secondary wave just below the top of the slit will interfere destructively with the secondary wave located just below the middle of the slit. Thus we can conclude that the condition for destructive interference for the entire slit is the same as the condition for destructive interference between double slits with distance equal to half the width of the slit. The path difference is given by: When monochromatic light illuminates a double slit aperture having dimensions of the order of the wavelength of light, diffraction of light occurs if the slits width much narrower than there lengths. The incident wavefront will divided into two point sources of light which can interfere with each other to produce an interference pattern 1. Constructive Interference - When the path difference between the two beams in an integral multiplication of the wavelength. The result is brighter illumination in these regions when a crest of a wave meets a crest from another wave 2. Destructive Interference - When the path difference between the two beams in an odd multiplication of half a wavelength. The result is dark bands in these regions when a crest of a wave meets a trough from another wave Constructive interference occurs when: (3.5) Where: ' is the wavelength of the light, d is the separation of the slits, the distance between (b) and (c) in (Fig.3.1) n is the order of maximum observed (central maximum is n = 0), x is the fringe distance, the distance between the bands of light and the central maximum. L is the distance from the slits to the screen. This is only an approximation and depends on certain conditions. It is possible to work out the wavelength of the used light using this equation and the above apparatus. If (d) and (L) are known and (x) is observed, then ' can be easily calculated. Objectives: Examine the diffraction pattern formed by laser light passing through single and double slits. Verify that the positions of the minima in the diffraction pattern match the positions predicted by the theory To compare

Critically assess the view that using drugs leads to crime Essay

Critically assess the view that using drugs leads to crime - Essay Example These situations illustrate an obvious association between drugs and crime. However, it is difficult to accurately determine to what extent in which drugs could be considered the main motivation for crimes. A person under the influence of an illegal drug while committing a crime does not necessarily mean that the crime was drug-related. To what extent the drug clouded their judgment is subjective at best. That person may be a cigarette smoker as well but the crime would certainly not be classified as tobacco-related. Theories such as Strain, Labeling and Socialisation explain causations for crime and can also be applied to drug usage, but all drug users do not commit crimes and all criminals do not use drugs. The connections between drug use and crime are complex and explanations vary widely. This has been a topic that has garnered a considerable amount of attention for the past few decades among the public, media and politicians because of the considerable negative social and econom ic impact on society as a whole and the victims of crime. Some argue that laws make criminals out of drug users and distributors. Prohibition acts to encourage organized criminal activity because of the high profitability involved. In addition, the inflated expense of drugs is the main reason a user has to resort to crime to support their habit. Broadly differing arguments are offered regarding the degree to which criminal activity is driven by drug use. The term ‘drug user’ cannot be used without qualification when connecting this activity to crimes of any description. Drugs such as amphetamines, cocaine, phencyclidine, (PCP), barbiturates and alcohol are more closely connected to criminal acts of violence than are heroin and marijuana according to current scientific literature (Wright & Klee, 2001). Some statistics that show a linkage from drug use to crime are generated from drug tests on prisoners. If the

Analysis of Anselms Ontological Argument Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Anselms Ontological Argument Essay This premise does not state that God’s strengths as this argument is to prove his existence, not whether or not God is all-powerful, all-knowing and all-good. The second premise means this greatest possible being is either an imaginary being that one has thought of or, a being that we not only is not only thought of but also exists. The third premise and its sub premises states because existing in reality is greater than existing in thought, then the God we have thought of exists in reality or there must be a greater, or more perfect, being that does exist and that being is God. This leads to the conclusion, if you accept the premises then you accept the existence of the greatest being possible, God. This concept of God’s existence is also led with the idea that God is a necessary being, a being that is not dependent of something greater in order to exist. If God relied on another being, like how a children rely on parents to conceive them, then this being called God is not God because it would be imperfect. Therefore, there must be another to call God that meets all the requirements for perfection. One of the first popular objections was created by Gaunilo of Marmoutiers. The premise and conclusion to Gaunilo’s argument is identical to Anselm’s argument except with the replacement of the word â€Å"God† with â€Å"the Lost island† and the word â€Å"being† with â€Å"island†. As simple as that, though Gaunilo’s argument is completely absurd, Gaunilo’s reductio ad absurdum also proves to be as deductively valid as Anselm’s argument. However, this â€Å"Lost Island† could in no way exist. The absurdity and validity of â€Å"the lost island† quickly brought up questions as to how Anselm’s Argument cannot be absurd. Anselm’s argument was not proven invalid until Immanuel Kant, a german philosopher during the 18th century, proposed an objection that would be the decisive blow to the Ontological argument (Immanuel Kant. Wiki). Kant’s objection is how existence is not a predicate (Mike, screen 25). A predicate is used to describe something the subject (this being God in Anselm’s Argument) is doing. In Aselm’s Argument, Anselm premise rely on that being conceived and existing in reality is something that describes God. This rationality does not follow because to exist or conceive does not describe the subject, it only tells us whether it exist or not. Much like how fictional characters do not exist, describing cartoon for example would tell us details of what this cartoon looks like, what its habits are and common antics it goes through, but not whether it exists or not. The question of existence must fall in a separate argument that does not define the character. As there are Arguments to prove God, there are debatable arguments to disprove the God. The First version of â€Å"The Argument from Evil† goes as follow: 1. If God were to exist, then that being would be all-powerful, all-knowing, and all-good. 2. If an all-PKG existed, then there would be no evil. . There is evil. [Conclusion] Hence, there is no God (Sober, 109) The first premise is the definition of what God would be if he were to exist. That is a being that has the power to do anything, had knowledge of everything throughout the span of time and is in all ways good. The second premise is created with the first premise in mind. To expand on the second premise i t states, if God were all-powerful he could stop any form of evil from happening, if he is all knowing then he has knowledge of when evil will occur and if he is all-good then God would stop all evil from happening. If god cannot stop all evil from happening then the definition of God must be incorrect. He then must not be powerful enough to stop all evil, and/or he doesn’t know when evil until it has already occurred and/or good is not all good in that God does not wish to stop all evils. The third premise is stating the fact that there is evil in the world. The conclusion derived since that there is evil, then is what may be defined as God must be lacking in one or two of his qualities and therefore God, by definition, does not exist at all. In order for God to be compatible with evil, God must only allow the evils that would, in turn, lead to a greater amount of good and must take the route that leads to the least amount of evil to gain the greatest amount of good. The soul building defense was created in mind that evil and God co-exist in our world. The defense is that without any evil in the world, our souls would not nurture, or, understand the concept of evil. This defense does not hold true because there has been many evils in the world that seem unacceptable, even though it may have been for the purpose of soul building. God, and all-good being, would then only allow the evils that are essential in soul-building. This would only mean that evil that man commits against man. The reason for this is because anything that happens in nature exceeds soul-building essentials. Another defense is God having given us free will, humans ultimately are the causes of this evil. That is true but the common objection to this is that human do more than enough evil to ourselves, it is going too far to have God throw tornados, volcanic eruptions, and hurricanes at us too. At what point do human have such control over nature. The last defense is that God simply works in mysterious ways. Who can explain why natural events take so many lives and injure many others or why some children have to go through great deals of suffering and live through it? It is God’s way and ultimately, no matter how incomprehensible the evil is, it is for the greater good. Certainly the question to God’s existence has been pondered upon by philosophers for over a very long period of time with no progress as whether God exists or not. The ontological argument created by Anselm withstood a great deal of criticism until it was disproved by Kant over 600 years after the fact.

We Need More Racial Profiling at Airports Essay -- Ethnic Profiling Pr

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It has come to my attention that the current state of our nation is one of peril and doubt. Due to the recent attacks brought upon our nation’s soil by terrorists and â€Å"evil doers,† it is understandable that the current degree of national security must be heightened. Our country can no longer be one of completely freewill with utter disregard to those outside of our borders, but must now come to suspect all inhabitants alien to our land as potential threats to our sovereign freedom. It is with this in mind that I propose a plan to further bolster the security of our most vulnerable, and frequently exploited resource, our nation’s airports.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I have ruminated the subject concerning airport security reform to prevent another terrorist attack for a number of months now, and have come to the conclusion that it does not take a savant to see that before the terrorist attacks started our national security level was equivalent to the intelligence level of a house-fly. I propose that we must fortify our airports to their fullest with every measure possible in order to prevent another tragedy of this magnitude.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The security measures should start the moment a person exits their vehicle and is unloading their baggage. If they exhibit what we define as a â€Å"terrorist† appearance (All people of brown skin and Central Asian decent), then they should be thoroughly stared at and made to feel as uncomfortable as possible by our AK-47 toting security officials, as it is proven t...

End-of-life Essay

End-of-life care is a form of medical treatment which is usually provided for terminal illnesses, when the condition is no longer curable and every effort should be made at improving the quality of life rather than increasing the duration of life. Cancer is one condition which is incurable during the advanced stages. End-of-life usually does not involve provision of anticancer treatment but concern for lowering the physical symptoms (especially pain so that the patient is comfortable), addressing the psychosocial issues and the spiritual concerns, so as to improve the quality of life. Often an ethical dilemma exists at the situations under which end-of-life care should be started. The need to provide end-of-life care arises out the physician’s obligation to ensure that the patient can live and die with dignity, compassion, comfort and respect. Two of the cases which demonstrate the physician’s obligations to the patients were the Ann Quinlan case (1976) and the Cruzan V. Harmon case (1988) (Meisel, 2005 & Rekel, 2007). In the Quinlan case, Ms. Quinlan suffered irreversible damage to the brain cortex and was left in a permanent vegetative state. She required ventilator support, artificial nutrition and artificial hydration to maintain her medical and nursing care. She could be kept alive for any duration, but this was morally not required and not in the patient’s best interest. The physician’s refused to remove ventilator support and hence the family had to go to the New Jersey Court. The court in the landmark decision permitted to remove ventilator support as it was not in the patient’s best interest. The court had said that although the patient was in a permanent vegetative state and did not have to ability to make a decision about withdrawing ventilator support, it did not mean that she could not exercise her choice and give her decision. The decision-making could be made by a surrogate who would be doing so in the best interest of the patient. In the Roe vs. Wade case, the court gave the decision that the patient could control their medical treatment and had the right to make decisions. In the Cruzon case, after the ventilator was removed, the patient survived for about 10 years. The Missouri court in this case did not follow the advice of the parent’s on removing life-saving support. The court said that all measures should be done in best interest of the patient, and if there were not clear evidence of the patient’s wishes, then the legal guardian should be acting in the patient’s best interest. The court said that even if there was a need to prolong life through ventilator support, if there was no evidence that the patient’s best interest would be fulfilled. In the case Westchester County Medical Ctr (1988), the New York court said that there had to exist clear and convincing evidence whenever important decisions had to be taken by the surrogate (Meisel, 2005 & Rekel, 2007). Some of the common ethical issues regarding medical treatment have been ‘beneficence’ and ‘non-maleficence’. The physician should do treatment that benefits the patient and does not cause more harm. They should help reduce the suffering and help the patient to return to health. However, in the end-of-life issues, the patient would be dying due to the terminal cancer condition, and using life-sustaining treatment would not have any potential benefits, as it would prolong life, but not improve the quality. In this case medical treatment is doing lot harm than benefits, and hence using it would be inappropriate. However, a clear judgment has to be made in the clinical-decision making and one of the most important issues is whether the patient has made the intention of withdrawing all the life-saving treatment and instead goes into palliative care (in which symptomatic treatment would be provided so as to improve the quality of life during the last few days). Having the patient make this decision is based on another ethical principle known as ‘autonomy’. The patient has the right to choose or disregard whichever treatment he/she wants as the have the right to control any act that is done with their body (Walker, 1999 & Meisel, 2005). Implications of risk management – †¢ Mainly with the use of opioids to manage pain (especially from its prolonged use) †¢ Clinical practice guidelines and protocols should be followed to ensure the greatest amount of benefits for the patient in the form of improved quality of life and lowered discomfort levels (Hoffman, 1998). The right to autonomy of the patient should not be disregarded under any circumstance. The patient has the right to choose palliative treatment or reject it based on their own choices. The patient may also want to undergo curative treatment for cancer even though the survival rate may be low. The patient should be informed of the benefits, risks, options, outcome and costs of all forms of treatment available. The physician should answer all the queries the patient has of all the available forms of treatment. No treatment should be done against the will and intention of the patient. If the patient is not able to make a reasonable decision as they may not be legally competent, then the surrogate (including the family member or a legal guardian) of the patient should make a decision on the patient’s behave, keeping in mind the clear interests of the patient (Walker, 1999, Meisel, 2005 & Rekel, 2007). There may be a lot of competing loyalties between the patient and the organization:- †¢ The organization may try to keep the interest of the patient in mind and may do all that it can to reduce sufferings, improve the quality of life and ensure a peaceful end †¢ The organization may demonstrate a greater opinion towards anticancer treatment as it would involve higher costs (even though it is not beneficial to the patient anywhere) †¢ Even though the patient can benefit to a reasonable extent from anticancer treatment, the organization may force end-of-life care on the patient, as the family members have provided consent. In this case the family members would be having conflicting interests with the patient and may want a faster end to the patient. To prevent any conflicting interest of other parties, it is important that any decision made regarding use of anticancer treatment of initiation of end-of-life care should be clearly justified and documented through evidence-based findings. An ethical approach should be initiated to ensure that all issues are sorted out keeping the patient’s interest in mind:- †¢ The physician should ensure maintaining autonomy of the patient at all stages †¢ If the patient is not competent enough to make a decision by himself, decision-making should be done by the surrogate keeping in mind the patient’s interest and choices †¢ It is the obligation of the physician to ensure that the patient lives †¢ The patient’s competence needs to be determined so that a reasonable decision can be ensured †¢ The patient has to be informed of all the alternative choices available at all the stages †¢ In case of diagnosis of a terminal illness, confirmation should be taken from two physician’s (second opinion) †¢ In case of terminal illness, and the patient choice palliative care, efforts should be made at all stages to improve the quality of life (through symptomatic treatment of physical problems, addressing the psychosocial and spiritual issues), rather than on prolonging life The other issues which need to be addressed include:- 1. Active Euthanasia – This is legal in only a few states of the world including Netherlands and Belgium. The patient should make a reasonable decision, and should be a native from that state in which euthanasia is legalized. The physician himself would take the active step of ending the patient’s life. The patient should be diagnosed with a terminal illness 2. Physician-Assisted Suicide – This has been legalized in the US state of Oregon, PAS has been legalized. The patient would perform the active step of ending life and the physician would merely assist the patient. The patient should be diagnosed with a terminal illness (in which death would be certain within 6 months). The patient should be legally competent to make a reasonable decision (Rekel, 2007). References: Hoffmann, D. E. (1998). â€Å"Pain Management and Palliative Care in the Era of Managed Care: Issues for Health Insurers†, Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 26(4), 267-289. http://www. aslme. org/research/mayday/26. 4/26. 4c. php Meisel, A. (2005). Ethics, End-of-Life Care, and the Law: Overview, Retrieved on August 16, 2008, from Hospice Foundation Website: http://www. hospicefoundation. org/teleconference/books/lwg2005/meisel_jennings. pdf National Cancer Institute (2002). End-of-Life Care: Questions and Answers, Retrieved on August 16, 2008, from NCI Website: http://www. cancer. gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Support/end-of-life-care Rekel, R. (2007). Rakel: Textbook of Family Medicine, 7th ed, Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier. Walker, R. M. (1999). Ethical Issues in End-of-Life Care, Cancer Control, 6(2):162-167. http://www. medscape. com/viewarticle/417700_1

Monitoring system

RFID technology which is a matured technology that has been widely deployed by various organizations as part of their automation systems. In this study, an RFID based system has been built in order to produce a time-attendance management system. This system consists of two main parts which include: the hardware and the software. The hardware consists of the motor unit and the RFID reader. The RFID reader, which is a low-frequency reader (125 kHz), is connected to the host computer via a serial to USB converter cable. The Time-Attendance System GUI was developed using visual basic.Net. The Time-Attendance Management System provides the functionalities of the overall system such as displaying live ID tags transactions, registering ID, deleting ID, recording attendance and other minor functions. This interface was installed in the host computer. Keywords: Radio-frequency identification, RFID technology, radio waves identification (RFID) is a matured technology that incorporates the use of electromagnetic or electrostatic coupling in the radio frequency portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to uniquely identify an object, animal, or person.RFID hips contain a radio transmitter that emits a coded identification number when queried by a reader device. Some RFID tags can be read from several meters away and beyond the line of sight of the reader. The application of bulk reading enables an almost-parallel reading of tags. This small type is incorporated in consumer products, and even implanted in pets, for identification. The tag's information is stored electronically.The RFID tag includes a small RF transmitter which transmits an encoded radio signal to interrogate the tag, and receiver which receives the message and responds with its identification information. Some RFID tags do not use a battery. Instead, the tag uses the radio energy transmitted by the reader as its energy source. The RFID system design includes a method of discriminating several tags that might be within the range of the RFID reader. RFID can be used in many applications. A tag can be affixed to any object and used to track and manage inventory, assets, people, etc.For example, it can be affixed to cars, computer equipment, books, mobile phones, etc. The Healthcare industry has used RFID to reduce counting, looking for things and auditing items. Many financial institutions use RFID to track key assets nd automate compliance. Also with recent advances in social media RFID is being used to tie the physical world Copyright 2012 SAVAP International www. savap. org. pk www. ]ournals. savap. org. pk 168 with the virtual world. RFID in Social Media first came to light in 2010 with Facebook's annual conference.RFID is a superior and more efficient way of identifying objects than manual system or use of bar code systems that have been in use since the 1970s. Furthermore, passive RFID tags (those without a battery) can be read if passed within close enough proximity to an RFID reade r. It is not necessary to â€Å"show† the tag to the reader device, s with a bar code. In other words it does not require line of sight to â€Å"see† an RFID tag, the tag can be read inside a case, carton, box or other container, and unlike barcodes RFID tags can be read hundreds at a time.Bar codes can only be read one at a time. Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a matured technology that incorporates the use of electromagnetic or electrostatic coupling in the radio frequency portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to uniquely identify an object, technologies. RFID tags are not an â€Å"improved bar code† as the proponents of the technology would like you to believe. An RFID system consists of three components which include: an antenna, a transceiver and a transponder (the tag). The antenna and the transceiver are often incorporated into one reader.The antenna uses radio frequency waves to transmit a signal that activates the transponder. When activated, the tag transmits data back to the antenna. The RFID can read the tag using Radio Frequency, meaning that the RFID reader can be read from a distance, right through your clothes, wallet, bags etc. An RFID tag consists of unique ID for each tag. The RFID technology has been in existence since the early 1920s. This technology has been used in libraries, museums, race timing, toll collection and contactless payment, tracking of persons and animals etc.The RFID attendance system is an automatic embedded system used in taking attendance of registered persons in a particular organization. The RFID attendance system offers an organization, the efficiency and convenience associated with RFID technology at a low cost. This method is fast as well as simple. Each employee uses an RFID card and the reader records the data when the employee enters or exits. RFID devices and software must be supported by a sophisticated software rchitecture that enables the collection and distribution of locatio n based information in near real time.A complete picture of the RFID attendance system combines the RFID Tags and readers with access to global standardized database, ensuring real time access to up-to-date information on the card. The card contains a unique identification number called an electronic product code (EPC). Nowadays, there are lots of companies around the world and some of them consist of workers up to 10 thousand or more. To handle a large number of workers may be a problem especially to get the attendance of the workers.The manual process means that henever a worker comes to work, he goes to sign at the time officer's table. This manual process has some flaws because in a case where a worker bribes the time officer or is familiar with him, the time officer may tamper with the attendance records. This would be a big problem in the company and might affect the productivity and management of the company. The suitable solution for this problem is by designing a system tha t will record attendance automatically. In this project, RFID system is used to record the numbers of employees' attendance automatically.The ID cards of the employees is embedded with RFID tag which is read by a reader. This RFID system is interfaced to a database through a computer. This method is more effective to prevent problem encountered when getting attendance manually. Below is the block diagram of an RFID attendance system. Related Works The use of Radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology in automated electronic environment and for tracking objects has been widely researched upon by researchers and deployed by various organizations as part of their automation systems.References [21] and [7] provide examples of a real RFID contact less data link deployments that utilize RFID technology for object tracking and automated data ollection solution. RFID is a technology that uses radio waves to transfer data from 169 an electronic tag, called RFID tag or label, attached t o an object, through a reader for the purpose of identifying and tracking the object In 1945, Leon Theremin invented an espionage tool (for spy activities) for the Soviet Union which retransmitted incident radio waves with audio frequency information.Sound waves vibrated a diaphragm which slightly altered the shape of the resonator, which modulated the reflected radio frequency even though this device was covert listening device, not an identification device or tag, it is considered to be a redecessor of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology because it was likewise passive, being energized and activated by waves from an outside source. Similar technologies such as the IFF (identification friend and foe) transponder developed in the United Kingdom, was routinely used by the allies in the World War 2 to identify aircrafts as friend or foe.Transponders are still used by most powered aircrafts to this day. Mario . W. Cardullo was the first to have received the United States p atent for an active RFID tag with re-writable memory on January 23, 1973 [4]. In that same year, Charles Walton, a California entrepreneur, received a patent for a passive transponder used to unlock a door without a key. A card with an embedded transponder communicates a reader near a door, when the reader detects a valid identification number stored within the tag, the reader unlocks the door.Walton licensed the technology to Schalge lock of San Francisco, a lock maker and other companies [1]. Time and attendance systems are a major part of todays human resource systems, take organization towards better human resource practice, systems and excellence. The implementation of time and attendance system has a lot f advantages for the manager. The kind of system that is implemented depends upon what the organization is trying to achieve by implementing the system. There are different types of automatic attendance systems; each type of system is suited to different needs and requirements [9].Some of the most common types include; biometric attendance system, magnetic stripe attendance system, barcode attendance system, and RFID attendance system. Barcode Attendance System The barcode system is a common type of time and attendance system through which the efficiency of measuring and tracking employees' time could be increased to a reat degree. With the automation through barcode technology, the errors previously provides high levels of accuracy and reliability in tracking of employee attendance.In addition, the costs associated with the installation of the system are not too much relative to the cost of payroll or attendance errors. The implementation of the barcode system is easy. Every employee is issued a badge/card in which there is a barcode. In order to check into or out of the company, the badge/card is swapped on the time clock, and the data is captured by the clock. This data from the clock can be downloaded by the manager or the administrator nd then used for updating and maintaining time and attendance records.The Universal Product Code (UPC) is a unique 12-digit number assigned to retail merchandise that identifies a product and the vendor. The Universal Product Code (UPC) on a product typically appears adjacent to its barcode, the machine-readable representation of the Universal Product Code (UPC). The UPC for a particular product is always the same. The first six digits is the vendor unique identification number. All the products that the vendor sells will have the same first six digits in their UPCs. The next five digits identify the product. The last digit is called the check digit.This is used to verify that the UPC for that specific product is correct. Each time that UPC is read, typically by a scanner reading the barcode, a calculation is done. And, if the check digit is different compared from the one that is calculated, then the computer knows that there is something wrong with the UPC. Figure 1 is a pictorial diagram of a barcode with its universal product code (UPC) [11]. Copyright 2012 SAVAP International 170 ISSN-L: 2223-9553 ISSN: 2223-9944 9553, Fig. l picture ofa barcode Biometric Attendance System This is the study of measurable biological characteristics.In computer security, biometrics refers to authentication techniques that rely on measurable physical characteristics that can be automatically checked. There are several types of biometric identification schemes which include:-face fingerprints, ecked. include: face retina, hand geometry, vein, voice etc. The computer uses any of these biometric identification schemes to determine who you are, and based your identity authorize [12]. Under this system, there is time and attendance software that is paired with a time clock for employees which uses biometric technology for authentication purposes.When these systems are in use, the employees can use their finger prints for clocking in and clocking out. This method has the great benefit that the entire process is easy as well as quick. Other advantages include elimination of the cost previously incurred in getting the employees cards. In the other systems that uses card other (magnetic stripe and barcode systems), there is an ongoing expense associated with the damage, misplacement and stealing of cards and the continuous need for their restoration and maintenance.Magnetic Stripe Attendance System In the magnetic stripe attendance system, data is encoded in the magnetic stripe of he employee card. When the card, is swiped through the employee time clock, the information in the card's magnetic stripe is recorded by the time clock. This system also reads one card at a time and also requires contact reads with the reader. Figure 2 is a pictorial diagram of a card embedded with magnetic strip. Fig. picture of a magnetic stripe card Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) A radio-frequency identification system comprises hardware shown in figure 3a & 3b, known as frequency interr ogators or readers and tags, also known as labels, as well as RFID software or RFID tags middleware. RFID tags are of two major types, which include Active Tag and Passive Tag. and Fig. sa RFID tag Fig. 3b RFID card and reader 171 RFID tags can be either passive, active or battery assisted passive. Passive RFID does not use a battery, while an active has an on-board battery that always broadcasts or activated when in the presence of a RFID reader.Most RFID tags contain at least two parts: one is an integrated circuit for storing and processing information, modulating and demodulating a radio-frequency (RF) signal, and other specialized functions; the other is an antenna for receiving and transmitting the signal. Depending on mobility, RFID readers are classified into two different types: fixed RFID and mobile RFID. If the reader reads tags in a stationary position, it is called fixed RFID. These fixed readers are set up specific interrogation zones and create a â€Å"bubble† of RF energy that can be tightly controlled if the physics is well engineered.This allows a very definitive reading area for when tags go in and out of the interrogation zone. On the other hand, if the reader is mobile when the reader reads tags, it is called mobile RFID. An Electrical Engineering student of the University of Malaysia; Mohd Firdaus Bin Mahyidin designed RFID technology students' attendance system 2008 [10], which only takes attendance of students and stores the information in the database. The block diagram of his project is shown figure 4. However, this system does not the incorporate a door unit which allows access to only registered users.Fig. 4: RFID Technology Students attendance system. Comparing Barcode with RFID is done on table 1 . Table 1: comparisons between Barcode and RFID 2 3 4 5 6 7 Barcode Rely on the user to make contact to the reader, hence cannot be read from a distance In Barcode, only one card read at a time is allowed. Embedded information cann ot be updated, hence the restriction of the repeated overwriting if the embedded election information for each card It does not allow for the increase technologies like surveillance cameras to be activated with an employee being in the vicinity.RFID Do not require contact with reader, hence can be read from a distance. Embedded information can be updated; this allows the repeated over-writing if embedded electronic information for each card. RFID has increased technologies like surveillance cameras to be activated in onjunction with an employee being in their vicinity. It is slower and requires time of sight to RFID is faster and does not require line of function. sight. It has lower data storage transponder. It has higher data storage.

Example Sentences of the Verb Come

Example Sentences of the Verb Come The irregular verb come is one of the most common in English. Come is usually used when returning to a place one is at such as in come home, or when speaking about a person going from one place to another to see another person as in the phrase come over here.   Come is also used in many phrasal verbs such as, come up, come through, come over, come to. For example: Tom came up with a solution.  Could you come over tonight? Here are two example sentences with the verb come in each of the tenses. There are also examples in the  passive voice,  modal forms, and  conditional forms.   Example Sentences Using 'Come' in Each Form Base Form​ come / Past Simple came / Past Participle come / Gerund coming Present Simple I often come to this supermarket.Alan comes up with great ideas. Present Continuous Look! he is coming up the street.Jennifer is coming over this evening. Present Perfect Mary has come to this school for the past four years.MY friend Peter has come through for me many times. Present Perfect Continuous Mary has been coming to this school for the past four years.The students have been coming to the grammar class for two weeks. Past Simple We came here yesterday.What did the teacher come up with on Monday? Past Continuous We were coming home when we got the telephone call on our cell phone.She was coming to my help as the police arrived on the scene.   Past Perfect We had just come home when he arrived.Alessandra had come up with a solution before they suggested the change. Past Perfect Continuous John had been coming to their house for years when he decided not to visit anymore.Id been coming to this class for two weeks when I met Alan. Future (will) Peter will come next week.When will you come over for dinner? Future (going to) Mary is going to come to the party next week.I think hes going to come up with an idea. Future Continuous This time next week I will be coming home.Will you be coming over for dinner at eight? Future Perfect Many people will have come by the end of the party.This meeting will have come to an end by six oclock. Future Possibility She might come tomorrow.Peter should come to this class. I think youll enjoy it. Real Conditional If he comes, we will have lunch at a good restaurant.Unless he shows up soon, shell have to come over and give us a hand. Unreal Conditional If I came to the party, I wouldnt enjoy myself.I would come over tonight if I had the time. Past Unreal Conditional If he had come, he would have resolved all the problems.Tom would have done his homework if he had come home on time. Present Modal You really should come to the show.The children can come with you this evening. Past Modal They must have come! Im sure I saw them.He could always come home on the weekend.   Quiz: Conjugate With Come Use the verb to come to conjugate the following sentences. Quiz answers are below. In some cases, more than one answer may be correct. We ____ here yesterday.Peter _____ next week.Mary ____ to the party next week.Mary _____ to this school for the past four years.We _____ home when we got the telephone call on our cell phone.I often _____ to this supermarket.This time next week I _____ home.If he _____, we will have lunch at a good restaurant.We _____ just _____ home when he arrived.Many people ____ by the end of the party. Quiz Answers camewill comeis going to comehas comewere comingcomewill be comingcomeshad comewill have come

Names and Dates of Spartan Kings

Names and Dates of Spartan Kings The ancient Greek city of Sparta was ruled by two kings, one from each of the two founding families, Agaidai and Eurypontidae. Spartan kings inherited their  roles, a job filled by the leader of each family. Although not much is known about the kings - note how few of the kings listed below even have regnal dates - ancient historians have pieced together general information about how the government worked. Spartan Monarchical Structure Sparta was a constitutional monarchy, made up of the kings, advised by and (supposedly) controlled by a college of ephors; a council of elders called the Gerousia; and an assembly, known as the Apella or Ecclesia. There were five ephors who were elected annually and swore fealty to Sparta rather than the kings. They were there to  call up the army and receive foreign envoys. The Gerousia was a council made up of men who were over the age of 60; they made decisions in criminal cases. The Ecclesia was made up of every Spartan male full citizen who had attained his 30th birthday; it was led by the ephors and they  supposedly made decisions on when to go to war and who would be the commander in chief.   Dual Kings   Having two kings share power was fairly common in several Bronze Age Indo-European societies; they shared power but had different roles. Like Mycenaean kings in Greece, the Spartans had a political leader (the Eurypontidae kings) and a war leader (the Agaidai kings). Priests were people outside of the regnal pair and neither of the kings was considered sacred - although they could enable contact with the gods, they were never interpreters. They were involved in certain religious or cultic activities, members of the priesthood of Zeus Lacedaemon (a cult group based honoring the mythical king of Laconia) and Zeus Ouranos (Uranus, the primal sky god).   The Spartan kings werent believed to be supernaturally strong or sacred, either. Their role in Spartan life was shouldering certain magisterial and juridical responsibilities. Although this made them relatively weak kings and there was always input from the other pieces of the government on most of the decisions they made, most of the kings were fierce and acted independently most of the time. Remarkable examples of this include the famed first  Leonidas  (ruled 490–480 BCE for the house of Agaidai), who traced his ancestry to Hercules and was featured in the movie 300. Names Dates of the Kings of Sparta House of Agaidai House of Eurypontidai Agis 1 Echestratos Eurypon Leobotas Prytanis Dorrusas Polydectes Agesilaus I Eunomos Archilaus Charillos Teleklos Nikandros Alkamenes Theopompos Polydoros Anaxandridas I Eurykrates Archidamos I Anaxandros Anaxilas Eurykratidas Leotychidas Leon 590-560 Hippocratides 600–575 Anaxandrides II 560–520 Agasicles 575–550 Cleomenes 520–490 Ariston 550–515 Leonidas 490–480 Demaratus 515–491 Pleistrachus 480–459 Leotychides II 491–469 Pausanias 409–395 Agis II 427–399 Agesipolis I 395–380 Agesilaus 399–360 Cleombrotos 380–371 Agesipolis II 371–370 Cleomenes II 370–309 Archidamos II 360–338 Agis III 338–331 Eudamidas I 331– ? Araios I 309–265 Archidamos IV Akrotatos 265–255? Eudamidas II Araios II 255/4–247? Agis IV ?–243 Leonidas 247?–244;243–235 Archidamos V ?–227 Kleombrotos 244–243 [interregnum] 227–219 Kleomenes III 235–219 Lykurgos 219– ? Agesipolis 219– Pelops(Machanidas regent) ?–207 Pelops(Nabis regent) 207–? Nabis ?–192 Sources Chronology of Monarchical Rule (from the now-defunct Herodotus website)Adams, John P. â€Å"The kings of Sparta.†Ã‚  California State University, Northridge.  Ã‚  Lyle, Emily B. Dumezils Three Functions and Indo-European Cosmic Structure. History of Religions 22.1 (1982): 25-44. Print.Miller, Dean A. The Spartan Kingship: Some Extended Notes on Complex Duality. Arethusa 31.1 (1998): 1-17. Print.Parke, H. W. The Deposing of Spartan Kings. The Classical Quarterly 39.3/4 (1945): 106-12. Print.Thomas, C. G. On the Role of the Spartan Kings. Historia: Zeitschrift fà ¼r Alte Geschichte 23.3 (1974): 257-70. Print.

R&D 3 Plan and Develop Solution Progress Check TMGT421 Research Paper

R&D 3 Plan and Develop Solution Progress Check TMGT421 - Research Paper Example Testing and recording these features will make it possible and easy to know which components of the air conditioners make them high electric energy consumers (United States, 1989). These sampled features will then be cross-examined with the minimum electric requirements of the components of domestic air conditioners. After adjusting the identified features to the recommended electrical energy requirement thresholds, the modified air conditioners will be reinstalled in the houses from which they were sampled (National Research Council (U.S.), 1990). The efficiency and effectiveness as well as the electric energy consumptions of these air conditioners are to be monitored. One feature that shall be incorporated on the experimental air conditioners is the thermostat to regulate the temperatures within which they should operate. It is known that an air conditioner should run two to three cycles per hour; hence, adding a temperature regulator will ensure that these cycles are not prolonged thereby leading to too much of electric consumption. The project will use five air conditioners that shall be left to operate for a period of five months after making the necessary adjustments. Both qualitative and quantitative data shall be collected to ensure the efficiency and effectiveness (qualitative, since th e user will give reports0 and new electric bill collected from the designated households (quantitative) to give a report of the changes realized on the electric energy consumption (National Research Council (U.S.) and National Academies Press (U.S.), 2010). Nonetheless, the modified air conditioners should be highly effective and efficient than the current ones. National Research Council (U.S.)., & National Academies Press (U.S.). (2010). Capabilities for the future: An assessment of NASA laboratories for basic research. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press. United States. (1989). R & D in the construction industry:

Three Strikes Law in South Florida Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Three Strikes Law in South Florida - Essay Example In the beginning of 1993, the federal government adopted a new approach in serving justice to repeat offenders. Twenty-three states adopted the three-strike law including South Florida. The version of the three-strike law varied from state to state, but the law generally reduced the judicial discretion through the mandating severe penalties for third felony convictions. The three-strike law had a limited impact in most states including South Florida on the federal system. This is evident from the fact that the number of convicted felons under the three-strike law was very little. The number of convicted felons under the three-strike law over fifteen states ranged between one and six people. Therefore, the effectiveness of the three-strike law was in question especially in south Florida. The lack of effectives of the three strike laws in South Florida was due to the poorly structured government drafted laws. This resulted in pressures to eliminate the three strike laws (Domanick, 2004). The three-strike laws in South Florida were expensive to implement. This is evident from the additional costs incurred for pre-conviction jail time. There are also more costs incurred in case processing and trials whereby defendants facing three strikes choose the option of going to trial as opposed to pleading guilty. There was also an increase in the number of the number of prison convictions on third and second counts. This resulted in overcrowding of prisons and hence more expenses incurred from prison building costs. Increased length of prison sentences has led to long-term costs. This is evident from the fact that the costs incurred from the incarceration of older prisoners are three times that of healthy younger inmates. The three-strike law did not have the expected effect on crime in South Florida and other states, in the United States. This is because of the reason that that repeat felons in South Florida were already faced with life sentences before sentencing under the th ree-strike law. The impact of the three strike laws was to imprison less serious offenders whereby they were subjected to longer sentences for less serious offences. The law also affected less serious offenders such that it resulted in the longer sentences being served to offenders, as they are aging from their crime prone years (Three strikes law: sentencing: statute, 2007). The three-strike law had uneven and unintended impacts in South Florida. One of the impacts is witnessed from the long-term prison sentencing of less serious crimes. This effect was witnessed throughout the states implementing the three-strike law. The application of the three strike law had and uneven implementation depending on the state jurisdictions. Hence, this has resulted in bargaining and pleas from defendants, which come off as a hindrance to justice. This fact alone has resulted in the pressure to eliminate the three-strike law in South Florida. The three-strike law promoted racial disparity. This is evident from the fact that the fact that the impact of the three strike convictions were observed to disproportionately affect the African-Americans. This was observed in the South Florida the number of convicted African-American felons increased with the strikes of convictions. Hence, this comes off as a racial bias in the implementation of justice within the federal system. This therefore resulted in the elimination of the three-strike law in South Florida (Shichor, 1996). The application of the three-strike law had a very insignificant effect on the deterrence of crime in South Florida. This is due to the reason that the threat of punishment under the three-s

Saturation of Media is Causing Loss of Democratic Communication Essay

Saturation of Media is Causing Loss of Democratic Communication - Essay Example It is worth noting that free flow of information and fast transmissions are key advantages of media. The advances of media have been events of celebration in history but their increased use has reached a saturation point. The saturation is leading to a gradual loss of democratic communication. Society has embraced media without holding back. Media forms an integral part of human existence in the current world. Because of the increasing saturation, man is slowly losing the essence of democratic communication. Democratic communication is a two-way platform that allows individuals access to information and gives them the opportunity to raise debate and criticism of such information to qualify it as the absolute truth. Concerning social media, there are many social websites in society. These include facebook, twitter, MySpace, badoo, Skype, and netlog. Facebook and twitter have numerous subscribers in the American society. Most of the subscribers spent a lot of time on the websites but d ue to saturation level, they do little while online. Few subscribers create new information. On the contrary, people transmit the existing information. In addition, television, disk players, smart phones are all over in the society. People are in constant access with these forms of media such that they have forgotten the experience of life without any of them. Each time, there is a continuous flow of data and information from status updates, tweets, photos and videos from friends. The influence of media images, opinions, commentaries, critics, and observation has been blinding people from embracing the truth as it is in real life. There is so much available on data networks that influence the opinions and reasoning of people, that very few people can make unbiased analysis of events and happenings. People have allowed media to influence their daily relationships. The daily access to images over time has led to loss of the reality. Print media was the first to reach a saturation poin t and next came the era of the internet. Before the internet, came public broadcasting and television. Through all these, people access limitless information and images to a point whereby, they take what they see or hear as the truth. At the start of media, images were but representatives of the real objects. As saturation increases, people have allowed the media images to take the place of reality. Most of the people in society no longer take time to analyze things as they are in real life. They do not form opinions in communication without the influence of media and this hinders democratic communication. People have lost the autonomy in communication because they imitate what the media presents from the celebrities to movie characters. The media has multiple impacts on the political decisions of people. The public makes political decisions based on the media criticism and allegations. Very few people analyze the quality of leaders from real life reality. Therefore, the people rely on misleading compulsion from the media sources that do not reflect the reality on the ground. There is too much on any data source that one cannot discern what is true or false. Most of the forms of media do not allow a two-way form of communication. The people cannot effectively raise criticism on the data they receive. Nobody has the time to weigh out and criticizer the

Serviced Apartments On Beach Resorts Tourism Essay

Serviced Apartments On Beach Resorts Tourism Essay A preliminary model of business development factors was created from both literature review and interviews conducted with international serviced apartment operators in Singapore. Subsequently, the model was being tested in a case study visit to Pattaya. The field study encompassed observations, interviews with government officials, serviced apartment operators and facilities operators. Through these modes of information gathering, the pilot model of business development factors was modified. A post model was drawn up to present the final list of business development factors, as well as three other complementary factors which affect the setting up of serviced apartments indirectly. Primary findings include the importance of extended stay markets, sources of expatriates, a viable and thriving tourist market, good transport connectivity, availability of facilities, proactive government support, high level of security and safety, warm and stable climate as well as affordability of the location. The future development of serviced apartments on beach resorts is also explored to include the possibility of venture into timesharing, vacation club, fractional property ownership or hybrids of the above mentioned. The history of beach resorts, or seaside resorts, dates back to Great Britain in the mid 18th century. Back then, visitors often went to beach resorts for their fashionable practice of sunbathing in a belief that it will help in disease treatment (The great British seaside resort: a brief history, 2009). However, times have changed and this trend has shifted from Europe to Asia Pacific. Hobson (1994) identified that future growth in the Asia Pacific region will be focused on the expansion of resort-type destinations, particularly in countries such as Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. With the development of beach resorts in Asia Pacific, accommodation has changed within different stages of development, as reflected in the Beach Resort Model (Smith, 1991). Serviced apartments are one of the newer accommodation types found on beach resorts, arising from the needs of modern travellers such as expatriates who are seeking an extended stay in a location, and families who intend to stay in a location for a longer holiday. As few studies have been done on serviced apartments on beach resorts, a case study on Pattaya beach resort was done to better comprehend the business development characteristics for establishing serviced apartments there. Objectives This paper firstly aims to provide insights on the current growth and penetration of serviced apartments on beach resorts. Secondly, it seeks to recommend a model of business development factors that lead to the growth of serviced apartments in Pattaya and also brings across how these factors may influence beach development and vice-versa. Finally, the implications of the business development factors to various stakeholders of serviced apartments are studied. Scope This paper is written in the context of beach resorts in Asia Pacific. Value of Research This paper provides knowledge about the different business development factors in contributing to the success of serviced apartments on beach resorts. Various stakeholders, especially developers and operators who are interested in establishing serviced apartments in Pattaya, will find this knowledge useful. For owners and operators of existing properties, this knowledge can enhance their management abilities. Limitations Being full-time undergraduates, this study was conducted on a part-time basis. As such, only one case study was conducted due to time and budget constraints. Additionally, the topic of serviced apartments on beach resorts is still relatively new and not widely explored. Therefore, there is limited information available. Furthermore, available publications mostly focused on the Western context, hence not specific to Asia Pacific. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Serviced Apartments Definition While there is no standard definition of a serviced apartment, serviced apartments are typically considered to offer self-contained accommodation with additional services. The apartment will generally include a small kitchen or kitchenette, with a living room in addition to the bedroom(s), or a studio bedroom (Foxley, 2001). Apartments are cleaned weekly and more often if client prefers, and a round-the-clock reception desk for queries and advice is usually available (Collins, 2007). The appeal of serviced apartments is that they offer the comfort and facilities of a hotel, with the privacy and facilities of home (Foxley, 2001). In addition, it is a cost-effective accommodation solution as guests staying for longer periods of 7 nights or more will normally benefit from a reduced price per night (The Association of Serviced Apartment Providers, 2009).  Globally, serviced apartments are sometimes referred to as serviced residences, condotels, extended stay hotels, and the like (Servi ced Apartments Association Singapore, 2005). Target Segments With changing work practices and increased globalisation of business, business executives are increasingly required to work away from home on a short to medium term basis (Foxley, 2001). Hence, serviced apartments provide the perfect solution for this group of professionals, who form the primary segment for serviced apartments. With a relatively long stay away from home, these business executives seek more space and a friendly home-from-home feel (Fearis, 2006). Besides business travellers, leisure markets with an extended stay intention are also targeted by serviced apartment operators (Harris, 2008). Greater international leisure travel and a growing trend towards taking extended breaks between jobs, vacations and working-holidays are also resulting in the demand for temporary accommodation (Foxley, 2001). Families form an integral part of the leisure market as the space and facilities serviced apartments offer suits their needs. Current Trends and Growth Serviced apartments business has been growing at 15-20% annually compared to a modest 6-8% notched by hotels (Choudhury, 2009). According to STR Global, demand for extended-stay accommodation had been growing by 4.9% in 2004, the fastest rate since 2000, and surpassing the 4.6% jump reported for the overall hotel industry (Ligos, 2005). One key driver for this trend is tight corporate budgets. The recent global economic turmoil forced many companies to reduce their travel expenses in an attempt to minimise costs, allowing serviced apartment operators to ride on this by matching limited budgets with competitive prices (Chinmaneevong, 2009). This was reflected in Asia, where demand for serviced apartments remains high despite the crisis (Harris, 2008). The increase in supply of serviced apartments is further bolstered by the predicted continuous growth in global business travel, with Asia Pacific being poised for substantial growth between 2008 and 2013 (NBTA/IHS Global Insight, 2009). Another driver for this surge in popularity of extended-stay hotels is that more companies are willing to pay to relocate new employees (NBTA/IHS Global Insight, 2009), or send them for cross-border corporate training programmes (Foxley, 2001). Employers regard this as an investment due to the lack of qualified and skilled labour (NBTA/IHS Global Insight, 2009). The percentage of such willing employers has increased from 2007 to 2008 by 14% (Fryson, 2008). Locations The locations of serviced apartments will determine the mix of studios, one-bedroom and two-bedroom apartments (Geieregger Oehmichen, 2008), as well as the quality of accommodation and service (Foxley, 2001). Typically, serviced apartments are found in urbanised locations (Harris, 2008), where many multinational companies establish their headquarters or manufacturing plants. This facilitates movement of business executives in cities for meetings and conventions. However, serviced apartments can also be found along beaches. Beach Resort Development Beach resorts are defined as geographic areas offering a variety of facilities, services and activities which are orientated towards seaside recreation for the accommodation, use and enjoyment of visitors (Smith, 1991). Resort morphology goes through a predictable sequence of stages: from pre-tourism low through high-density development to an urbanised state (Andriotis, 2006; Smith, 1992). Barrett (1958) first noted the significance of the seafront in the structure and location of the commercial core, distinct zonation of accommodation types which expands in a semi-circular fashion inland from the commercial core and an elongation of settlement parallel to the coast. Stansfield (1970) later observed the development of the Recreational Business District (RBD) consisting mainly retail, food and beverage and entertainment services along the beach front. The Commercial Business District (CBD) is distinctly separated from the RBD and commonly found more inland. Pigram (1977) noted that improved public transport played a significant part in the arrangement and evolution of zones of land-use. In addition, recreational businesses and accommodation establishments tend to orientate themselves on major access routes to the resorts. Smith (1991) created the Beach Resort Model (BRM) which describes ad-hoc beach development from stages 1 to 8. The stages were determined by 6 categories of change morphology, physical, environmental, social, economic and political. Four coastal resorts in Asia Pacific were studied in developing the BRM; however, it can still be applied at large to other coastal resorts. BRM documents the start of a beach resort from a settlement in pre-tourism datum to a fully urbanised city resort. Accommodation Development on Beach Resorts Accommodation at resorts fall into two groups: traditional and self-catering (Stallibrass, 1980). Traditional accommodation includes personal service both in the private rooms and public areas while self-catering accommodation is self-contained, with its own kitchen facilities. Accommodations on beach resorts frequently start with second homes, followed by hotels which are the traditional accommodation (Smith, 1991). There would be structural changes to accommodation typically at the last two stages of the BRM, because resorts mature and narrow accommodation bases diversify to include significant components of all classes of accommodation (Smith, 1991). In addition, changes experienced when a beach matures, such as greater accessibility and new facilities, results in visitor profile changes (Strapp, 1988). This also affects the type of accommodation in demand. Multi-titled tourism accommodations (MTTA), which include serviced apartments, have been on the rise due to lower financial risks compared to single-titled properties, and the larger target market available due to its mixed use (tourists and residential) (Warnken, Guilding, Cassidy, 2008). MTTA complexes now represent an integral part of, or even dominate many popular seaside and ski resorts in many parts of the developed world (Warnken Guilding, 2009). Serviced Apartments on Beach Resorts In later stages of beach development, beach resorts may start to see year-round residency. The area could become more of a residential community with people staying well past the traditional tourist season (Strapp, 1988). Anecdotal evidence suggests an increase in demand for self-catering short holidays (long weekends up to one week) amongst young families and self-catering accommodation for increasingly wealthy retirees (Warnken et al., 2008). Together with increased demand for accommodation, suppliers are encouraged to add higher quality infrastructure typified by a shift from inexpensive motels to resort apartments such as serviced apartments (Prideaux, 2000). Majority of internet accommodation search engines for major destinations returned listings with MTTA-style complexes (Warnken et al., 2008), and these include serviced apartments. Reasons which could have spurred the establishment of serviced apartments on beach resorts encompass the following: Presence of an expatriate market working in nearby industrial hubs requiring temporary accommodation (Appendix A, B C) Presence of a retired silver-haired market moving to beach resorts during winter months in order to stay in warmer climates (Foster Murphy, 1991; Williams, King, Warnes, Patterson, 2000) Transport connectivity for convenient access to the beach resort (Appendix C) Top-notch facilities such as schools, medical care and entertainment (Appendix B) Serviced Apartments on Beach Resorts in Asia Pacific Serviced apartments were the fastest growing segment of the tourist accommodation sector in Australia during the late 1990s (Foxley, 2001). The number of serviced apartment properties in Gold Coast has been increasing over the past few years. In 1998, the number of serviced apartment guest rooms was 3,180 (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1999), while in 2007, this number was 5,371 (BusinessGC, 2007). In the year ended June 2009, serviced apartments saw the strongest increase in establishments (0.9%) and room nights available (2.4%) out of all accommodation types, while the motel and hotel sector experienced a contraction of 4.7% and 6.1% respectively in number of establishments (Tourism Queensland, 2009). Currently, here are not many major international operators located on beach resorts in Asia Pacific. Some international operators feel that there are opportunities for serviced apartments to be located on beach resorts in the region. With news releases indicating the plans of Ascott and Oakwood to enter Pattaya, Thailand (The Ascott Limited, 2005; Viboonchart, 2009), it suggests that development of serviced apartments on beach resorts in other parts of Asia Pacific is gaining momentum. Currently, Frasers Hospitality already has a property in Pattaya named Fraser Resort Pattaya. CHAPTER 3 PROPOSED MODEL OF BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT FACTORS FOR ESTABLISHING SERVICED APARTMENTS ON BEACH RESORTS The role of the market has not been the main focus in existing research for the development of beach resorts. The following section takes a closer look at market conditions and operation of the supply side in spurring beach resort development, specifically the development of accommodation to include serviced apartments. The three most important stakeholders in a beach resorts are guests (who are the main cause for induced development); hosts (who by supporting development and by being involved in tourism contribute to the success of a destination); and politics (which influence overall development) (Andriotis, 2006). As such, the factors which are considered below are greatly influenced by characteristics of these three stakeholders. Industrial areas and city centres Relocation of corporate personnel would generate demand for serviced apartments. For beach resorts, there would usually be a presence of expatriates if there are nearby industrial areas and busy city centres (Appendix A C). Moreover, coastal areas are emerging as major centres of economic activity and new powerhouses of tourism interest (Prideaux, 2009), possibly bringing in an expatriate market. Viable and thriving tourist market During weekends, serviced apartments target leisure travellers to fill rooms. This is supported by Foxleys (2001) observation of a trend amongst the international leisure travellers to take extended breaks. In addition, there is seemingly an increase in demand for self-catering short holidays amongst young families (Warnken et al., 2008). Hence, a viable tourist market should also be present for serviced apartments to tap on. Medical tourism Medical tourism has grown rapidly in the past decade (Connell, 2006). People travel long distances overseas to obtain medical, dental, and surgical care while simultaneously being holidaymakers. Reasons for the growth of this niche tourism are high costs of treatment in developed countries, long waiting lists, relative affordability of air travel, and favourable exchange rates (Connell, 2006). Medical tourism has grown in Thailand who deliberately linked medical care to tourism, thus boosting beaches attractions (Connell, 2006). The Phuket Health and Travel website states that it aims to combine health and holiday aspects of travel. Their health and holiday package could include hotel accommodation, pre-doctor appointment, sightseeing, island tours and night entertainment attraction bookings (Phuket Health Travel, 2009). As medical tourism gains popularity, operators may establish serviced apartments next to large hospitals to cater to this kind of demand (Sharma, 2005). Transport Connectivity Transport access to the resort is likely a key determinant of the resorts rate and size of growth. Kim (1998) mentioned that the assessment of tourism potential would place great emphasis on transport communications and general access to the area. As accessibility improves through new road, rail, sea and air services, new and more distant markets will become accessible (Prideaux, 2000). In addition, a good transport system is essential in bringing customers to the apartments doorsteps, and bringing customers to their destinations in the day. Facilities Guests of serviced apartments require nearby facilities for basic living essentials and recreational activities. Recreational activities include sports, shopping and entertainment (Prideaux, 2000), while basic essentials encompass healthcare and educational institutions. Healthcare and educational institutions are especially important for expatriates who have brought their families along when they are relocated by their companies (Appendix B). Political aspects Government policies can hasten the development of beach resorts (Prideaux, 2000) and also implement favourable conditions to boost tourism which potentially encourages serviced apartment establishments due to healthy tourist market prospects. National Tourism Organizations are also responsible in wooing tourists to the country. Ooi (2002) discovered that the political environment can have a significant influence on the image of the destination and tourism promotion policies. Safety and Security Safety is a major concern for tourists (Kim, 1998). Davidoff and Davidoff (1994) concluded that people would not travel to a location believed to be unsafe. Given that expatriates can stay up to a considerable period of time and may bring their families along when they are relocated, security for the family and self becomes an important concern. A summary of the above mentioned factors are integrated into the table below: Table 1.png The factors identified above can possibly shape future growth and development of beach resorts. Additionally, they also aid in future planning by recognising supply short-comings and predicting rising needs of the market, allowing sufficient time and space for operators to cater to these trends. CHAPTER 4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Case Selection The case method (Yin, 2003) is used in this study and the unit of research is a beach resort. The case selected in this study is Pattaya. In Pattaya, there is one major international serviced apartment operator, Fraser Resort Pattaya. Interestingly, a huge industrial development is located east of Pattaya. As a developed beach resort, Pattaya has good facilities and infrastructure in place to support its tourism activities. These indicators provide an inkling of the entry of more international operators eventually, thus providing adequate data for this study. Data Collection Formal interviews were conducted with major international serviced apartment operators headquartered in Singapore to gain a better understanding of the industry. A preliminary model was created through book, journal and internet research, newspapers and interviews in Singapore. A field study to Pattaya was then conducted from 8 to 11 December 2009 to collect primary data. Details of the site visit are: Interview with an international service apartment operator several local operators an official from the Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT), Chon Buri (Pattaya) international hospitals Physical observations of the facilities, establishments and general environment Subsequently, a post-trip model was constructed. This is a refined and condensed model after further knowledge gathered through the field study. Complementary factors which contribute to the listed factors are also identified to provide a wider perspective. CHAPTER 5 PATTAYA CASE A seaside province located on Thailands east coast, Chon Buris scenic views earns itself a reputation as one of Thailands popular sanctuaries for holiday retreats. Situated near the city of Chon Buri is Pattaya, a holiday paradise for fun-lovers. As Thailands premier beach resort that attracts a large number of tourists, Pattaya is charmed by a tropical resort atmosphere suitable for total relaxation. Besides its blessed natural beauty, Pattaya also offers a wide range of water sports and vibrant nightlife (TAT, 2006). Today, it boasts the unique distinction of a beach resort with a city status (TAT, 2007). 5.1 Accommodation Development in Pattaya The increasing influx of visitors over the years has stimulated changes in accommodation types. Most of the large hotel chains, resorts and serviced apartments are located in two regions north and central of Pattaya city. In the stretch right in front of the coastline, the smaller hotels or budget accommodations are found. This stretch is also the region where there are many restaurants, bars, pubs and a number of shopping malls spread out along the coastline. Although most of the serviced apartments are in the north and central region of the city, there are still a few serviced apartments located in the beachfront stretch (Appendix T). This occurrence as described by the BRM model is due to development saturation of the original beachfront strip causing subsequent accommodation to develop along the same strip but extending further inland (Smith, 1991). As serviced apartments are only recently developed on beach resorts, their locations are thus further away from the beachfront. In addition, beachfront region is considered to be nosier with activities ongoing till late. Since serviced apartments are targeted at long-term stay visitors who might want a more conducive environment, serviced apartment operators have thus established the apartments away from the noise. The contrasting location of some serviced apartments in the beachfront stretch is due to their smaller sizes and absence of a serviced apartments full capacities. CHAPTER 6 CASE EVALUATION The business development factors in the preliminary model are assessed against observations and interviews conducted at Pattaya. Further findings are also indicated. Evaluation of Preliminary Model Industrial Areas and City Centres As business executives are the primary target audience of serviced apartments, the existence of sources generating expatriates, such as industrial areas and city centres, are vital. In Pattaya, industrial areas are of notable importance as a driving factor for guests in serviced apartments. Chon Buri province is located in the industrial development region of Thailand, a short drive to southeast Bangkok (Tanvatanakul, Saowakontha, Amado, Vicente, 2007). Business executives who work in both Bangkok city and Chon Buri are thus able to commute to Pattaya quickly. Besides Chon Buri, Rayong province also houses several industrial areas and is approximately 220 kilometres from Bangkok (Bangkoksite.com, 2009). Five main industrial areas (Appendix N) situated in both provinces Laem Chabang , Map Ta Phut, Eastern Seaboard, Amata City and Pinthong, are sources of the expatriate market who seek accommodation in Pattaya city (Appendix I). Some local operators revealed that the bulk of their customers come from the industrial areas. The close proximity to both provinces makes Pattaya a preferred place for many expatriates to stay in (Thailand Guru, 2007). This spells business opportunities for serviced apartments. Positive statistics draw links to a possibly burgeoning expatriate market coming to Pattaya, as reflected in the rise in tourist arrivals in Pattaya for business activities over the years. Arrivals based on business purposes increased by 38.08% from 349,010 in 2006 to 481,916 in 2007 (TAT, 2007). In addition, the proportion of these business arrivals out of total arrivals also increased from 5.7% in 2006 to 7.21% in 2007. For conference/seminar purpose, figures rose from 95,887 in 2006 to 260,695 in 2007 (TAT, 2007), representing an astounding 171.9% increase. The proportion of this conference/seminar-driven tourism out of total tourist arrivals increased from 1.6% in 2006 to 3.9% in 2007. These trends may further spur the growth of serviced apartments in Pattaya. Viable and Thriving Tourist Market Apart from business travellers, serviced apartments may also serve leisure travellers who are on extended holidays. A promising inflow of tourists is likely to affect the growth of serviced apartments. The following section assesses the tourist market in Pattaya based on figures retrieved from TAT for years 2005 to 2007. TAT indicated that figures for 2008 and 2009 are not available. Tourist Arrivals Table 2.png Table 3.png Figure 1. Internal Tourism in Pattaya Tourist arrivals have been increasing steadily from 1997 to 2007. It increased by 14.55% in 2006 as compared to 2005, to a decade high of 6,680,658 in 2007 (+9.25%). The main purpose of visits has been for leisure, which comprises about 83 90% of tourist arrivals in years 2005 to 2007. This shows a thriving leisure tourist market. Table 4.png Interviews conducted with local serviced apartment operators revealed that their main customers are Europeans. Figures have shown that out of the 4,481,630 international travellers who visited Pattaya in 2007, 40% are Europeans. As Pattaya remains a popular beach resort destination for European visitors, the European tourist market in Pattaya will either maintain its size or expand in the future. Local operators also mentioned that these Europeans customers can stay for long periods ranging from a few weeks to a few months. Aside from Europeans, Pattaya is also a popular destination amongst Asians due to its location and reputation for providing a beach getaway. A dip in figures is expected for 2008 and 2009 due to the global economic recession and H1N1 pandemic. Other sources suggest that following a 5% increase in tourism numbers in the first half of 2008, international tourism began to slow down rapidly in mid-2008, reflecting rising oil and commodity prices, volatile exchange rate fluctuations, political instability, and the impact of the global economic recession (UNWTO 2008; UNWTO 2009a; UNWTO 2009b). However, as the world emerges from the recession, tourism in Pattaya is expected to pick up in late 2009 or early 2010 onwards. Tourist Receipts Table 5.png Accommodation expenses generally comprise the bulk of tourist expenditure. Furthermore, tourist receipts have been increasing from 48,522.13 million baht in 2005 to 59,347.61 million baht in 2007. As both tourist arrivals and expenditure increase, this means more business opportunities for serviced apartments in Pattaya. Average Length of Stay of Tourists Table 6.png The average length of stay has decreased from 3.41 days in 2005 to 3.13 days in 2007. However, local operators revealed that the average length of stay ranges from a few days to a few months for leisure travellers, while the average length of stay can be up to 2 years for expatriates. Major Attractions and Future Plans The two principal beaches are Pattaya and Jomtien beach, which offer a range of recreational and entertainment services. Aside from the beaches which saw 61% and 31% of total tourist arrivals in 2007 respectively, other key attractions include bars and nightclubs (30%) and shopping malls (13%) (TAT, 2007). As beaches remain the most visited place in Pattaya, plans are proposed for a large new pier and marina for sporting and leisure craft on Pattaya beach (Channgam, 2008), rejuvenating the beach and thus keeping it attractive for tourists. In addition, the Pattayas mayor wishes to shift the image of Pattaya away from a red-light district to one full of other exciting activities such as a possible indoor ski resort which could attract more international business chains and induce more long-stay guests (Appendix J). Hence a viable and thriving leisure tourist market helps to raise occupancy rates in serviced apartments. Nonetheless, the tourism industry needs to keep improving to sustain or develop new interest in tourists. Medical Tourism The presence of international hospitals may stimulate the establishment of serviced apartments next to them to cater to potential medical tourists who stay for long-term treatment. Three international hospitals dominate Pattaya, namely Bangkok Pattaya Hospital (BPH), Pattaya International Hospital (PIH) and Pattaya Memorial Hospital (PMH). Of these hospitals, only BPH is programme certified by Joint Commission International. It also has 400 beds, having the ability to accommodate more patients as compared to PIHs 70 beds, and PMHs 80 inpatient beds. However, from interviews with the hospitals, it was revealed that patients are largely locals and to a lesser extent, international visitors. Medical tourists are hence an insignificant contributing long-stay market. Nonetheless, it may grow in significance in the future. Transport Connectivity Favourable transport connectivity helps visitors and locals to orientate their way to and around Pattaya easily, a basic essential factor required to draw guests to stay. Features affecting transport connectivity are analysed below: Distance and time to airport Located approximately 110 kilometres away, Pattaya has close proximity to Suvarnabhumi Airport, with travelling time around 1.5 to 2 hours. This relatively short distance and travelling time makes Pattaya a desired city to visit. Modes of transport to Pattaya Visitors can access Pattaya conveniently via air, rail, taxi, coach or local buses. Modes of transport around Pattaya The most commonly seen transport is the Baht Buses, which are transformed from pickup trucks. Other forms of transport include motorcycle, bicycle, car, local bus and taxi. Local buses, however, are not easy to spot and thus often underutilised. Road InterconnectivityC:UsersLoyAppDataLocalTempRoad Map.jpg Figure 2. Pattaya Road Map The road system can be complex and confusing for first-time visitors. However, after gaining familiarity, it is simpler to navigate around. From North to South, there are Beach Road (also known as First Road) which faces the sea, Pattaya Second Road and Pattaya Third Road. Beach Road is a one-way road which runs southwards, while Second Road runs northwards. These one-way roads pose inconvenience and a hassle to travel. In between these roads are smaller and busier streets which connect the three roads together. From East to West, there are the North Pattaya Road, Central Pattaya Ro